What is a philosopher ? This is a man who opposes the nature of the law, the reason to use his conscience to the opinion and judgment in error. Chamfort
Most major human philosophical questions derived from some great metaphysical questions.
The can man be truly free?
The world is it subject to chance or strict necessity?
The universe is it absurd or does it make sense?
The man he found the key to the world ?
Will he has divine origin and in the world?
Will has a beyond?
What is the truth?
Why there is something rather than nothing?
All these questions accompanying philosophy since its inception.
Evolution of life to loveThe chance is the mechanism acting as if he had a plan. Bergson
Dear to Epicurus, a world produced by the aggregation of atoms that fall from eternity in a vacuum and collect random things to build atomic principle, we oppose the tenth book of the laws of Plato, bringing this randomly in the lap of necessity.
The mecaniqueuniverselle, like a good old tower of Pisa leans. And it leans on the side of Plato. The gradual evolution of the spirit * in the living differs according to our philosophy, any idea of chance.
From the Big Bang to the cell and the cell to the creation of man has evolved. It has become more complex and more importantly, brings out the notion of love. This feeling is enriched from species to species, peaking in the sage and saint.
From the moment the universe came, he engaged in a continuous expansion. This expansion has generated the earth. This gave birth to life. * A life includes a guideline that is moving towards a superior mind.
The persistence of this change seamless and back, we actually prefer the idea of destiny to that of chance.
Chance as limitAccording to Kabbalah, the material world contains within it a whole hidden world that we must learn to decipher.
La mecaniqueuniverselleThe dispute mecaniqueuniverselle optical proposed by some scientists about evolution. We disagree, when considering genetic successive shifts *, as "accidents" due to chance.
* we are talking about genetic shifts in the origin of species diversity
Indeed, the genetic "accidents" are not. they simply represent how life develops. Without these "accidents", there would simply be no life and no ecosystem on our planet. These offsets are actually necessities for evolution.
Thanks to them, life after his appearance could move up the bacteria. The bacteria become more complex in fauna and flora. Progress of the cell until the sponge. Then the sponge fish, reptiles, lower mammals and higher up man.
A subtle change
This " gradual rise in living to a higher spirit" goes beyond the adaptive intelligence. It also implies (and especially) much more subtle areas such as emotional, feeling, or spiritual.
And the simple fact that man at the end of this intellectual and spiritual evolution to be able to realize the full principle of creation is sufficient to demonstrate that there is a meaning to this creation.
Learning to readIf the world has a meaning, everything that is in this world makes sense. A newspaper article, a theorem, a kiss, an advertisement, a red light, a mouse, an attitude, choice of clothing, artistic creations, everything makes sense.
Human practices within 'languages', objects of study " the science of man." To avoid hollow metaphors, it is important to identify the various possible meanings starting from various angles of approach to linguistic phenomena... veiled writes Denis Vernant in the great dictionary of philosophy.
Somehow, we could then say, " everything speaks ! ".
The universe as alive and human, have a "language". A language that we must learn to decipher. This is the view of our philosophy and purpose of this chapter.
The metaphor to the mathematical formula.
Since he has been a powerful spirit, man seeks to provide answers to their questions. He tries to decipher the secret language of things. He wants to discover the subtle details of creation, in order to solve his great metaphysical puzzles.
Metaphors have outlived their
Long enough allegorical exegesis to his deeply religious spirit. The metaphors were able to satisfy his conscience still single. There were still the unspoiled places on earth where the gods were addressed to human through phenomenal manifestations.
But one day, consciousness is merely more of these mythical explanations. Philosophy and science then took over. They brought new spirit of philosophical, physical and metaphysical answers.
The need to return to XSince their arrival in the human mind, the great metaphysical questions * have not yet been resolved.
Western man seems to have put a little metaphysics brackets. Or more precisely, he buried his questions in the unconscious.
They nonetheless present and make time to time, each of us, a spectacular comeback.
Lately science has imposed on human thought. She became the first supplier From answers to existential questions. Obviously these answers are not entirely satisfactory. They naturally stagnate at the phenomenon. So they bring the mind to deny reality "trans phenomenal." At best, reduce the design to the creation of the mind.
But man, like science, can not be satisfied with limits set by the phenomena.
It is vain, he seems to believe that humans can do without a creative principle. Man needs God and expects the science that proves him.
Science, however, works (unconsciously ) to this. When it moves to the heart of the matter, she plunges in reality to the heart of the divine. In their research, quantum physics such as string theory, now along the stunning shores of divinity.
But science has not quite looked at the great experiences of mysticism. It would be otherwise, that the divine will not be apprehended by the outdoor experience. We can not feel that through an intimate feel and "internal". Presumably then, scientists will never make really matters what God is *.
The mystic ecstasy and physicist at CERN are in the presence of the same. They simply look at two ways and two different locations.
Similarly, reading the actions and events of the world by Western science is not the only one.
For example, European medicine does not interpret the symptoms as traditional Chinese medicine. The West looks at the disease or virus, other than the African or aboriginal healer *.
Science can not, it seems to me, to connect the immateriality of the material immateriality of God. It may simply provide us with pragmatic interpretations of phenomenological world.
That's why today, all "thinkers " * should bring their intellectual and intuitive potential to help mankind understand its meaning. To enable him to take this step of consciousness. And to decipher the silent language of things.
The era of down to earthFor several decades, pragmatism seems to have removed all other avenues of understanding. For example, many other forms of language are forgotten " rational thought."
Yet there is a silent language of the living. Nature in silence offers man signs, "advice", "warnings", "recommendations". Watching him, she encourages us to act in a specific way. It is this reading that it seems necessary now being reintroduced in thought.
Called "natural signs" signs that are related to the thing signified by a law of nature. A sign is currently perceived phenomenon that evokes in our minds the idea of another phenomenon not seen or not currently visible in nature.
Thus, the smoke is a sign of fire in the sense that, even if it is hidden by a wall, seeing the smoke rising above the wall, I think the fire that produced it.
Nature is a perpetual creative signs. Or more precisely, everything in nature beckons. The industrialized world, obsessed with rationality, simply lost the habit of interpreting.
A problem arises when the man is deaf to these signs become symptoms. This is the case for example, the current dominant when they neglect the messages of nature. These signs have now become symptoms *.
These signs urging dominant to end their compulsiveness and selfishness. They undertake to treat bulimia their power for the good of all mankind. They ask their take account of other men.
But as this language is not like common language, these makers contemplate smoke without reconciliation with fire.
The whole blind powerAn intermediary between image and concept, it is a sign. Levi - Strauss
According to Merleau -Ponty, a sign is a sign that in relation to a consciousness that gives it meaning.
Which means that the signs existed before consciousness. In other words, they simply waited for the arrival of man to break their silence. For millennia, humans have watched all possible signs to understand nature. They arrived to a significant knowledge of its intricacies ( and the respect it ).
For several centuries, under the influence of the West, the world has gradually closed the language. Blinded by materialism and sense of omnipotence, he only developed his own.
This feeling of omnipotence, leads man to ignore logic and signs of life *. But this is only one phase of evolution. A point phase has its meaning. This period is the origin of the great expansion of social and scientific progress.
She has overcome religious sclerosis religions and allowed to reform. But do not forget about problems.
So it is urgent to put the individual in humanity and in the middle of the living species. A live we must learn to read the messages. From there, we can apply the Stoic and understand the real rather than the desire for our convenience concept. Then we can rediscover the language of nature and adapt our actions.
The philosophy of language has a curious history in the Western tradition. Although it is currently at or near the center of our attention, especially in the English-speaking world, the forms of our concerns and our current interest about the language are quite recent.
The philosophy of language in the contemporary sense of the term, starting with the German mathematician and philosopher Gottlob Frege in the nineteenth century. Previous philosophers have often written about the language, but none had a philosophy of language in the contemporary sense. Even traditional subjects such as the problem of universals or nature of truth have been transformed by the post- Fregean movement.
I think this is largely because, for several centuries, most thinkers felt that the words to communicate ideas and refer to objects by means of ideas. John Locke describes the usual point of view, in contrast with his own design :
" But though the words, taken in its use by men can not properly and immediately signify nothing but the ideas in the mind of the speaker, however, attribute their men in their minds a secret report to two other things.
First, they assume that the words they use are signs of ideas that are also in the minds of men with whom they talk. Because otherwise they would speak in vain and could not be heard if the sounds they applied to one idea were attached to another idea by the listener, which would both languages.
But on this occasion, men usually do not stop to consider whether the idea they have in mind is the same as that in the minds of those with whom they talk. They think that all they have to use the word in the sense that it commonly in the language they speak, what they think they do, and in this case, they assume that the idea that they do sign is precisely the same as skilled locals attached to that name.
Second, because men are angry that they just increased talk about what they think, but they also want us to imagine they talk about things according to what they are actually themselves, they often assume that because their words also mean the reality of things."
an 2001
Ce n'est pas une utopie. C'est une trajectoire déjà visible, inscrite dans l'histoire depuis le premier primate. Lentement. Imparfaitement. Mais dans une direction.
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